Preface: Rejuvenation of the Facial Upper Third xi
Faisal A. Quereshy
Analysis and Diagnosis of Upper Facial Region 87
Hardeep Dhaliwal
Introduction 87
Patient evaluation 87
Photo documentation 87
Anatomic analysis 87
Esthetic analysis by region 88
Summary 93
Botulinum Toxin Use in the Upper Face 95
Clement Qaqish
Introduction 95
Preoperative planning and pretreatment assessment 95
Procedural technique 98
Complications 100
After procedure care 101
Outcomes 101
Summary 102
Injectable Fillers in the Upper Face 105
Jacob Haiavy and Husam Elias
Video content accompanies this article at http://www.oralmaxsurgeryatlas.theclinics.com.
Introduction 105
Surgical technique 105
Glabellar folds 106
Forehead lines 106
Lateral canthal lines: (crow’s feet) 106
Periorbital, tear trough, nasojugal groove 107
Temporal wasting hollowing 107
Surgical technique of fat transfer 107
Preoperative planning 107
Preparation and patient positioning 107
Surgical approach 108
Surgical procedure 108
Immediate postoperative care 110
Potential complications 110
Rehabilitation and recovery 112
Clinical results in the literature 113
Hyaloronic acid soft tissue fillers 114
Sculptra-Poly-L-Lactic acid 115
Autologous fat transfer 115
Summary 115
Skin Resurfacing Procedures of the Upper Face 117
Douglas L. Johnson and Frank Paletta
Video content accompanies this article at http://www.oralmaxsurgeryatlas.theclinics.com.
Introduction 117
Surgical technique 119
Rehabilitation and recovery 120
Summary 122
Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty 125
Michael J. Will
Introduction 125
Anatomy of the periorbital region 125
Eyelid esthetics 127
Age-related changes of the periorbital region 127
Preoperative assessment 129
Selection of surgical procedure 129
Surgical planning and skin markings 129
Anesthesia considerations 129
Upper blepharoplasty procedure 130
Ancillary periorbital procedures 130
Postoperative care 131
Complications 131
Periorbital rejuvenation pearls 133
Lower Transcutaneous Blepharoplasty 135
Christopher Blake Smith and Peter Daniel Waite
Introduction 135
Preoperative planning 135
Preparation and patient markings 136
Patient positioning and surgical technique 137
Transconjuctival approach 137
Skin pinch technique 138
Skin-muscle flap approach 139
Incision and flap elevation 139
Orbital fat management 139
Orbicularis oculi muscle 141
Lower lid support 141
Skin excision 141
Complications 142
Bleeding 142
Lower eyelid malposition 143
Chemosis 144
Dry eyes 144
Postoperative care 144
Follow-up care 144
Summary 144
Transconjunctival Lower Blepharoplasty 147
Sean Pack, Faisal A. Quereshy, Mehmet Ali Altay, and Dale A. Baur
Introduction 147
Anatomy 147
Pathophysiology of aging 148
Indications 149
Advantages and disadvantages 150
Technique 150
Complications 151
Discussion 151
Management of Lower Eyelid Laxity 153
Gary Linkov and Allan E. Wulc
Introduction 153
Lateral canthal anatomy 153
Pathogenesis of eyelid laxity 154
Assessment 154
Procedures 156
Complications 158
Summary 159
Open Brow Lift Surgery for Facial Rejuvenation 161
Tirbod Fattahi
Introduction 161
Patient selection 161
Surgical technique 162
Postoperative care 163
Summary 164
The Endoscopic Brow Lift 165
Jon D. Perenack
Brow lift general considerations 165
Indications 165
Contraindications 165
Relative contraindications 165
Evaluation and diagnosis 165
Brow ptosis 165
Cosmetic botulinum toxin therapy 166
Skin 166
Clinical technique 166
Complications and controversies 172
Other considerations 173
Management of Complications Associated with Upper Facial Rejuvenation 175
Angelo Cuzalina and Manik Bedi
Introduction 175
Preoperative evaluation 175
Complications in browlift 176
Brow malposition 176
Nerve damage 177
Scars 178
Alopecia 178
Bleeding 179
Summary 179
