Facial skeletal augmentation is one of many techniques used to enhance facial aesthetics.
It is especially useful in the malar, mandibular angle, and genial areas. For many
years, correction of facial contour deformities posed challenges for reconstructive
surgeons. Two-dimensional radiographic and photographic imaging modalities provided
limited diagnostic and treatment planning information. An arduous procedure could
be undertaken to take a facial impression and create a stone facial model of the facial
soft tissues. This three-dimensional (3D) model simulated the patient’s face but provided
no information on the underlying bony contours. The surgeon primarily used their artistic
ability to diagnose and treat facial contour deformities. Treatment was limited to
the use of stock implants that were placed as is or altered at the time of surgery.
With the more widespread use of computed tomography (CT) in the 1980s, 3D representations
of the patient’s facial skeletal anatomy became available. Computer technology has
advanced to allow an accurate duplication of a patient’s facial skeletal and soft
tissue anatomy. According to Winder and Bibb, medical rapid prototyping is defined
as the manufacture of dimensionally accurate physical models of human anatomy derived
from medical image data [
[1]
]. This technology was originally described by Mankowich and colleagues in 1990 [
[2]
]. With the use of this technology, the ability to manufacture or fabricate custom
craniofacial implants has evolved.To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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